Preflop gto ranges. This GTO button open-raising range (in the below image) looks like a. Preflop gto ranges

 
 This GTO button open-raising range (in the below image) looks like aPreflop gto ranges  These MTT preflop ranges are simplified versions of the strategy output by GTO poker solvers

Covering No Limit Holdem Cash, MTT, ICM, Spin & Go, Hyper Turbo SnG. Preflop charts are GTO so you want to play them against very good players. Section No. 005% accuracy in 4bet pots, and 0. Look up any hand and learn GTO ranges, range composition, and EVs in seconds. 3 bb. Royal Flush. This gives you the possibility to call with a wider range. Poker hand reading based on equity. 6%. Many training websites have full sets of GTO preflop ranges available for free. Since we have covered the two key hands for the button and cutoff, here are the relevant hands for the other positions:The preflop ranges have been updated to be state-of-the-art in 2023, and are in line with recommendations from the most reputable poker training sites. json format anywhere, it is painful to input them one by one, especially when the range is heavily mixed. In most cash-game GTO solutions, such as the preflop ones featured on the Red Chip GTO Ranges app, it is assumed that all players at the table have 100bb stacks. 2 clicks. when u look at the charts try to memorize the bottoms/fringe hands of offsuit and suited combinations. 00 Add to cart. 5 years, most of which we perform pre-flop calculations of strategies of different complexity, including for players of low and medium limits. 1/3 Imagine two guys play HU poker. Our GTO Poker Charts ranges were created by working through as many preflop scenarios as possible in different Poker Formats, using both Monker Solver and Pio Solver. Try not to be afraid of. This tab is used to study the GTO strategy for any spot you like. You raise holding 9♠-9 ♥, and get three-bet by the player on the button. 7. See if you can get above 90% accuracy (without peaking at the ranges of course) over a set of 50+ hands (a hard challenge!) Example screenshots: After you open to 2. GTO Preflop Strategies When Facing Tight Ranges 100 Big Blinds Lojack Vs Big Blind Three-Bet In A Cash Game. 4 Max 500z Cash Game GTO Preflop Range Bundle. Back to glossary. Many poker books for beginners advocate a set range from each position, and their suggestions are usually quite conservative to keep new players out of trouble. UTG, UTG +1, UTG+2 and LJ are gone and HJ could be considered your minimum starting range. We are in the big blind and UTG+2 open raises to 2. $999 $749. 00 Add to cart. To account for rake, generally you want to tighten up your calling ranges, not your raising/re-raising ranges, because taking the pot preflop avoids rake. This article will focus on playing the BTN postflop after calling an EP open, 40bb deep in an MTT. Conversely, if your range is strong, playable and generally well-considered, you’ll find post-flop situations much easier to navigate and will be on the winning side at showdown way more often. gtocharts. Furthermore, the more people there are left to act, the more likely someone can call or 3-bet with a strong value hand. Id honestly go with Zenith over GTO as a beginner. However, the ranges aren't very far from GTO ranges. Tools. Cash: Standard: Get: 75BB Implementable GTO Charts Use these preflop charts when playing at a 9-handed table 75bbs deep with a 12. If you played GTO all day you. These ranges are not perfect for 100% of situations so be aware that you will need to deviate from these ranges in various circumstances. I n s tr u c ti o n s : T h e se p re f l o p ch a rt s a re d e si g n e d t o g i ve yo u a f u n d a me n t a l l y so u n d st a rt i n g p o i n t f o r yo u r p re f l o p . Adjustment #1: Tighten Your Preflop Ranges (Especially Your Calling Ranges) Check out the two solver-generated preflop ranges below (taken from the upcoming Smash Live Cash course). Added a bunch of 3-bet bluffs primarily to take advantage of my original strong linear ranges, and for the sake of board coverage. Essential Flop Exploits for Poker Players; How To Play 3-Bet Pots in MTTs;. There are 169 hand combinations in Texas Hold’em, and they can fit nicely on a 13×13 board, with suited hands in the top right, offsuit hands in the bottom left, and pocket pairs running through the top left to bottom right diagonal. 35 Play Deposit £10 Get £60 4. It’s that simple. This problem is more prominent in live games, where large opening sizes lead to excessively large 3-bets that get as big as 18–20BB (compared with the 10–12BB seen online). Know The Best ExploitHaving the right pre-flop ranges helps to avoid trouble spots post-flop, and I’d say preflop is the fundament of a good spin and go strategy. Train in-game scenarios so they become second nature at the tables! GTO Preflop Ranges: Preflop tournament ranges included that will immediately step up your. By memorizing these ranges, you can quickly deduce a 17% preflop calling range (likely a 20% range minus the QQ+/AK 2. “Value” is measured as the EV your hand removes from the top half (50%+ equity) of your opponent’s range. After that, click on the hand in the matrix. These ranges are intended for situations when one player has made a raise before you. Interactive Weekly Quizzes: Comprehensive library of interactive training spots covering preflop, postflop, GTO and Exploitative. If they are tight-aggressive with lots of 3bets we can raise smaller from early position with a wider range. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. 5BB. Little is great for tourneys. Extensive preflop ranges will be included in the upcoming Advanced PLO Mastery course. We’re going to work on that today through a very important part of SplitSuit’s ‘Hand Reading Lab'; the pre-flop exercises. Discover GTO strategy and patterns to crush your games. 8 videos into the course, SplitSuit introduces these pre-flop exercises as an exploration in your own pre-flop ranges. In the early stages of a poker tournament, it folds to you in the cutoff with 50 big blinds. A precise and easy to use visual representation of GTO preflop ranges for 4 and 5 card Pot Limit Omaha. Hero looks at 6♣4♣ and raises. . Simplified 6-Max GTO Ranges. txt files compatible. Learn More. Stated another way, in most game theory optimal (GTO) preflop simulations, you would want to raise more hands than those we suggest. F a ci n g R F I vs U T G UT G + 1 / + 2 v s UT G RF I L J / HJ v s UT G RF I CO v s UT G RF I BT N v s UT G RF IA precise and easy to use visual representation of GTO preflop ranges for 4 and 5 card Pot Limit Omaha. – Significant speed improvements for the Practice mode and HH Analyzer. Normalize button for Range Comparison Tool. The ultimate tool to elevate your game. Our 3-betting range from the small blind needs to be tight, as continuing with only strong hands drastically minimizes the difficulty of playing out of position. This works out to a 3-bet of $8. Quick switch between study in the Range Viewer and practice in the GTO Poker Trainer. As you may have noticed, even a ‘tight’ heads-up opening range is wide compared to the typical 6-max button opening range (usually around 50%). There's a massive selection of GTO preflop ranges and poker strategy charts for you to choose from. The app includes two distinct preflop ranges for 6-max tables, simplified GTO and exploitative ranges. Poker Academy is a useful tool to quickly find any rough preflop range you need with ICM factored in or not. Also remember that GTO ranges assume your opponent is playing GTO ranges. com. If you're at a table with mostly passive players who won't 3B you aggressively, you can open much wider than GTO and still be profitable. About this app. An in-position raiser has a much stronger preflop range than a BB caller, and they carry this range advantage forward to the flop. The highest non-3bet raked one is 5% 2. We have added the first 8max ranges for 10-25 BB stack depths (10,12,14,17,20,25). FLOP. In the PKO example, the SB hardly ever shoves, opting to raise 17. After doing a little range work, Uri estimates that Negreanu’s Hijack opening range is somewhere around 26. Download GTO Poker Ranges By Red Chip and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. We are engaged in calculations in the GTO programs for about 2. Each page feautres a colour range chart for a different preflop situation. • 6 mo. i wouldn't open 74s on the button like i usually would with 3 limpers behind. 8 in most situations, and a $25. GTO solutions for poker encompass the ranges outlined in preflop poker charts. mkr files) for MonkerSolver and . 3% of his hand range. Or, no, I am correct and players who loosen up just enough to the correct point could exploit them. 17bb ante per player). New Spin & Go + Ante format available featuring both General and Simple solutions (0. This method might arguably be the most helpful way of doing things. Push/Fold is a common strategy used in tournaments in which you either go all-in preflop or fold. Betting will also increase the proportion of strong hands like AJ and KQ in range in OOP’s range, weakening your outs. I show you almost every scenario you will face. I'm guessing these do not exist for free, but thought I would ask. When we open-raise UTG, there are five people left to act in a 6-max game, with all but the SB and BB having positional advantage post-flop. The table is coded by colours representing different table positions (see key below). Little is great for tourneys. the reason for this is because multiway, you need to play cards that are stronger against multiple opponents. Another week in the GTO Wizard lab has passed, so another update is here! NL50 PREFLOP RANGES; Now all the NL50 preflop spots are available and browsable entirely for free for anyone! We have solved them on a powerful server to high accuracy, and we tested multiple sizings to ensure we are solving with the GTO preferred sizings in. Much like your RFI range on the button and in the cutoff, memorizing two key hands at the bottom of your range will help you remember the entirety of it. Exploitative Considerations. Take a look at the following Hijack opening ranges in a 200bb deep game. e in btn we open all offsuit 8s and every suited 6, all suited qs/KS , every ace, every pair and most suited connector. Its just that-that pokersnowie range is a suggested GTO range because thats. Safety starts with understanding how developers collect and share your data. Rangeconverter guys also have the monker ranges which are probably worth checking out too. Preflop Calling Ranges. I show you how to copy ranges from Preflop Academy and paste them into GTO+ to solve poker hands efficiently. Also on pokercoaching. The game dictates what your preflop range should be. Optimal Bet Sizing when raising. A precise and easy to use visual representation of GTO preflop ranges for 4 and 5 card Pot Limit Omaha. Cutting Edge. These MTT preflop ranges are simplified versions of the strategy output by GTO poker solvers. Playing the right hands, in the right spots, in the right way, will make. Learn More. The free GTO ranges I downloaded felt very tight and boring at first. The preflop GTO charts are not too difficult to learn as there are not too many scenarios that will come up before the flop is dealt. Learn More. Our GTO Poker Charts ranges were created by working through as many preflop scenarios as possible in different Poker Formats, using both Monker Solver and Pio Solver. Other bugfixes and changes. The Preflop Advantage contains 362 GTO preflop ranges for 6-max cash games. A precise and easy to use visual representation of GTO preflop ranges for 4 and 5 card Pot Limit Omaha. 3 - Facing a 3bet (vs 3bet) Ranges show which hands to play when you have raised first in and a player acting after you re-raises you (3bets). Tree Details. You will became aware why this is such a good strategy. Practice odds against or break-even percentage. Here is an example, imagine if you 3bet AJo preflop here at 100% frequency and always triple off. but mind that these ranges are not supposed to be GTO, but exploitative ranges against an average opponent at NL200. Using a combination of MonkerSolver and PIOSolver solutions, it works both as a library of ranges and as a powerful trainer for MTT players. Squeeze and vs squeeze ranges to help you navigate multiway spots. Suppose you’re playing $0. If you played deepstack against my family, you will definitely make more bb/100 by playing 100% VPIP than by playing GTO preflop ranges. Access the One-of-a-Kind Live Cash Preflop Mastersheet; GET THE DETAILS. Data privacy and security practices may vary based on your use, region, and age. . Thankfully, some tools have been developed to help us approximate correct preflop and flop ranges (PIOSolver and PokerSnowie). Preflop+ is the only GTO poker equity odds calculator trainer app you need to upswing improve and drill your preflop range analysis when you are shortstacked and facing snapshove decision at the tables. Preflop GTO ranges are designed to have enough continues vs a raise and have enough bluffs in their raises to be unexploitable. Let us say you play $1/$2 cash and you have a hand for a raise after two limpers. 3. GTO strategy involves a lot of mixing, which means that a particular hand combo may be raised 18% and folded 72%. So the answer to your question is going to be a table adjustment. We have covered poker solvers more in detail in our article Learning No-Limit Holdem With Poker Solvers here. Level-based thinking starts with you considering only your own hand. These ranges are intended for situations when one player has made a raise before you. txt files compatible with PioViewer, Pro Poker Tools and more! These 9 max preflop ranges are simplified versions of the strategy output by GTO poker solvers. For example, you should look to widen your range when in position versus weaker players, especially when effective stacks are deeper. Because they are the first players to act preflop, their starting hand ranges need to be tighter, as there are several players left to act after them. Try to remember the form of the range. Link to ranges zip. Oct 31, 2023. 3% pot. Both using GTO preflop charts in real time using an RNG. My Preflop Ranges (Medium & Short Stacks) Comparing RFI & Limp on 432r; Exploring Turns on 432r; Middling Boards (965ss) 987r & Final Analysis; Check-Raising: Comparing 872 and 876;Link to downloadable pdf: 6 max 40bb 500z GTO Ranges Level up your poker strategy with these No Limit Texas Holdem 6 max poker charts. Sky Matsuhashi. great tool to study preflop for almost all situations. Usually is way higher that GTO. Preflop range charts provide a solid foundation by outlining recommended actions (fold, call, or raise) based on your hole cards and position at the table. In most cash-game GTO solutions, such as the preflop ones featured on the Red Chip GTO Ranges app, it is assumed that all players at the table have 100bb stacks. 5% Ante Tournaments for Simple Preflop . As you will have seen from our PKO articles, ranges get much wider in bounty tournaments. $ 300. Our app offers an intuitive and elegant way to browse your ranges. It’s impossible for a human (and even most computers) to remain perfectly balanced in poker, but at least considering balance. GTO Range Analysis. Preflop range charts provide a solid foundation by outlining recommended actions (fold, call, or raise) based on your hole cards and position. ago. A poker range chart is a visual representation of these ranges. Network Error: Check your computer clock to make sure it is in sync and then try reloading. In this article, I give you profitable preflop ranges for open-raising, calling 2bets, 3betting and calling 3bets. Easy to get going, all you need is PIOSolver GTO software and then you simply drop the files you receive into the 'Preflopcharts' folder (shown above). These GTO preflop charts are calculated rake free. 5BB cap. Poker Betting Strategies. Probability in Poker. Learn More. Lower pocket pairs and low and medium suited. The Best Keeps Getting Better. How to use your spin & go preflop chart – best poker coaching50bb 40bb preflop 30bb 15bb 60bb 25bb gto 100bb 500z Free poker preflop range chart (with printable. Playing too polar in every spot after the flop. Additionally you will learn which characteristics and tendencies of the standard opponent the creation of these ranges is based on. Take a look at the following Hijack opening ranges in a 200bb deep game. 100% Cloud Calculations. Pot. This is an awesome way to study and review hand histories. Make the perfect preflop play, everytime. 3) Use preflop GTO ranges and add more calls in suited connectors and gappers. We've put together the best GTO ranges for every preflop situation in poker and we've optimized the experience for you to be able to access them in the fastest, most comfortable way possible. Feel free to post your 2/5 nl cash ranges here. - GTO preflop ranges for cash game: 100bb, 6 max - GTO preflop ranges for MTT: 10bb-100bb, 8 max - Customize and add your own ranges - In play training and practice on the ranges - Charts summarizing results, key leaks, and progress - Automatically practice your leaks to make perfect - Instant feedback during practice -. ‎Whether you are new to poker or a long-standing grinder, a solid preflop strategy is mandatory. What is Pre-flop in poker? The first betting street in no limit hold ‘em, which occurs before the flop has been dealt. . Conversely, you. Mobile App feature_mobile_header. . Blog. A precise and easy to use visual representation of GTO preflop ranges for 4 and 5 card Pot Limit Omaha. The differences in the preflop ranges between GTOW and Pokercoaching can partly be attributed to the different RFI sizings. The main point of simplification in these ranges is that these 100% raise hands we provide (your Bulletproof raises) are an overly-tight range. Whenever we do anything in poker we want to first consider our opponent’s overall range. - Odds: Learn to calculate odds easily to make profitable plays. Data safety. All spin and go strategies will be explained and divided into different stack depth: 18-25 big blinds. Donking scenarios postflop are fairly uncommon as in GTO play the OOP SB/BB player is going to be checking 100% of his range with the exception of low card boards where these players have a range advantage versus the IP preflop raiser. More simplified can be easier to learn and move on. So I started with finding free GTO 6-max preflop ranges and I stumbled upon a few good ones but they are all a bit diffrent. Respond-Creative. Use solved preflop ranges for the games you play. Upgrade Your Pot Limit Omaha Game With This Advanced Preflop Guide - For FREE. Strategy Guides. Thus, while it is possible to construct a GTO strategy based around preflop limping, this strategy is not the most +EV choice available to us, and limping is not part of a broader GTO strategy in most cases. As explained in more detail below, the exploitative ranges are built from the GTO ones, so we begin with a fuller description of those. Vous pouvez connaître le range d’ouverture GTO préflop pour les tournois lorsque vous avez entre 15 et 30 big blinds, votre range d’ouverture GTO pour les tournois lorsque vous aurez 100 big blinds ou votre range d’ouverture préflop en cash games heads-up lorsque. A precise and easy to use visual representation of GTO preflop ranges for 4 and 5 card Pot Limit Omaha. Huge range of GTO tournament solutions. You can view the strategy, EV, EQ, EQR. 5)Use smartly check-raises and overbets!!!!GTO ranges assume perfect postflop play, for example a good CO RFI range will have you open at least K3s+ in a default situation, but this open is close to 0EV. Suppose Computer Jack opens to 2. You can change the ranges, stack, pot, and customize the betting tree from here. He has nearly $1 million in career tournament earnings. You literally would have two people making zero preflop decisions and playing the identical. You open the pot by raising the BB. Id honestly go with Zenith over GTO as a beginner. Strategy. $ 150. The ranges contained are exact GTO outputs that have been rounded to 10%. RangeTrainer. Probability in Poker – PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER. You will learn what betsizings to use preflop and postflop. – GTO Wizard now speaks Polish and Hungarian. Learn PLO & PLO5 preflop ranges in the Range Viewer. To start, open Study Mode, click the solution selector in the top-left corner, click the Custom Solutions tab, and create a new solution! This opens the Solution Builder, where all the magic happens. Notice that some combos are +EV but aren’t in the GTO opening range. Load any of our simplified presolved scenarios in your browser and browse and action and frequency for each hand in range. From that point of view you can decide if you played your range in a balanced way. Before we go into these ranges, let us consider the scenario where another player has called the raise in front of you. As the standard buy-in for online cash games, this assumption is both natural and applicable, particularly since it makes it likely the effective stack at many tables will be of this. For tournaments, I'm extremely close to the RYE charts. The average burden of defense is 25% per player facing this overbet (compared to 44% HU). See why top poker players choose Preflop Academy. GTO solutions for poker encompass the ranges outlined in preflop poker charts. Aggregate Turn Reports. Open raise range About this app. - Hand Ranking: Get quicker at recognizing and ranking poker hands. When squeezing our entire range, we use a smaller size to deny 4-bets some profitability. We are also working on our own private solver to offer the quickest and most complete solutions for the game. The “LoJack” and “HiJack” are sometimes referred to as “middle. This depends heavily on the villain type and on the board. The Preflop Advantage has more than 2300 preflop ranges made for 8-max & heads up tournaments. Elevate your poker game and gain a competitive edge with our comprehensive GTO training software. is made. The developer provided this. 2% has basically no effect on the correct calling range. The earlier you have to act preflop, the tighter your preflop RFI range. GTO• A. HAND NAME. Example of the Nash Equilibrium in Poker. Browse GTO solutions. This guide provides the 6 max poker ranges you need to play solid preflop strategy 40bb deep. Normalize button for Range Comparison Tool. 5 total combos. SB (Small Blind) poker preflop chart. . We call with. It has charts in it for 200BB Cash games. O. - Form a solid preflop strategy to help you succeed in this very competitive Poker format. Learn More. If you want to use piosolver properly you'll probably have to import more accurate preflop ranges from somewhere else. Built from solvers (GTO) to beat the toughest games. Sign Up Now PreflopGuru - Intro Benefits of Preflop Guru Built from solvers (GTO) to beat the. Browse the built-in GTO charts, or simply create your own for any situation possible! Upload your hands to InstaGTO and analyze them to see your mistakes preflop. Whether you are new to poker or a long-standing grinder, a solid preflop strategy is mandatory. Practice your no limit poker strategy risk free at stack sizes from 10bb to 500bb deep. Use code QUEEN to try a few months of premium free. KTs > 54s > KJs. A precise and easy to use visual representation of GTO preflop ranges for 4 and 5 card Pot Limit Omaha. Do not turn them upside down to play GTO poker. This is very tricky position to master. The most playable sizings from tune trees were used for main trees. Keep our GTO preflop ranges right in your pocket. Wizards, our GTO Trainer allows for a fully customizable poker experience that lets you practice from preflop to river! In this guide, we will describe the features and discuss valuable tips and tricks to help you get the most out of the GTO Wizard Trainer. If you don't have access to rake free ranges, you might take a look at some 100bb MTT ranges as although these have antes, they are similar the ranges when there is no pot based rake. A relic of poker training from the 90’s is trying to understand what “level” players are playing at. 5BB per player), solved without rake. We are also working on our own private solver to offer the quickest and most complete solutions for the game. icm ranges are a. Preflop Cash Game Poker Made Easy. In the recent years, online poker has evolved very quickly thanks to the solutions from GTO solvers. A precise and easy to use visual representation of GTO preflop ranges for 4 and 5 card Pot Limit Omaha. Learn how to play pot limit Omaha and 5 card PLO. Bring your preflop skills to the next level in Pot Limit Omaha games by knowing exactly which hands to raise as the first player to enter the pot. arrow_forward. It includes the 4-Card PLO Trainer web app which runs in-browser and has different features. Players can raise first in, 3-bet, 4-bet, 5-bet, flat any raise, or go all-in. ago. 6-max players can now access 312 new deepstacked preflop solutions!These cover 150-300bb stacks across a wide range of rake structures from NL25 to rakeless games. However, remember that it is not only the opening ranges you should focus on but also the 3-betting and 4-betting ranges, as well as your defending ranges against 3-bets and 4-bets. Live poker players seem to be almost allergic to the concept of linear ranges. There plenty of great charts, poker cheat sheets, and systems out there you can use to improve your preflop play, but Vision GTO also has you covered. The results were then correlated to give you. You can fine-tune your game by creating GTO preflop charts or purchase a package containing all the preflop ranges for PLO or NLHE. The default ICMIZER3 analysis is based. 9% of the time, only calling 6. As a. Learn More. Bet Sizing: The RFI ranges assume a 2. You can organize many things in GTO Wizard with tags! For example, your preflop ranges, custom solutions, solver parameters, board filters, and training drills can all be organized with tags. A polarized range is a range that contains strong hands and relatively weak hands, without any medium-strength hands. Watch on. It was released in 2015 and got a significant update in 2021. You were advised in this thread that these ranges are used as a good starting point from which. Blind vs blind ranges covering SB limp and SB. PREFLOP. A look in PIOSover's range viewer below reveals over 40% of the time the OOP will have a trash hand. They are based on GTO (Game Theory Optimal) ranges for 6-max cash games with stack size 100 BB, 2. This contains most 6max preflop solutions piosolver format. 9 or less. Suitable for regular Cash Games and Zoom without antes. GTO Wizard helps you to learn GTO and analyze your game. I saw him briefly mention in a video that because GTO assumes everyone at the table is playing 100%. Finally, take a look at these 4 general benefits that result from using solid GTO strategy. Flop Heuristics: IP C-Betting in MTTs. You get Nick’s personal 260+ preflop charts for 6 stack depths so you know you’re playing rock solid. Ranges like this typically cost hundreds of dollars, but you can access them for free as a member. GTO Wizard’s range vs range equity distribution graphs are an excellent tool for visualizing. icm ranges are a true gem 💎 looking forward to explore the gto trainer soon! Marlon. Intuitive interface and full customer support. ICM ranges are tighter on average, and you will see less 3-betting. OOP only ever uses a large raise sizing on this flop consisting of 2-pair+ for value. 14-17 big blinds. Improvements. 5x IP 3bet, 10x OOP 3bet, 5% rake, and all positions except BTN and BB play 3-bet or fold. Purchase MTT for only $29. These are great complements to our subscriptions for learning GTO strategy offline or for running your own sims in PioSolver. Preflop Poker Just Got A Whole Lot Easier. Poker strategy changes a lot over time. We offer full preflop and postflop solutions for 100BB, 150BB, 200BB stack depths. If you are looking to improve you preflop poker strategy, this is the app for you. To Go. If allowed by your poker site/room, we recommend keeping the preflop raise charts up while you play (until you memorize them). Previously, each move was graded on a scale from 0 to 100. This indicates how much value your hand blocks in your opponent’s range due to card removal. Your range should consist of roughly twice as many bluff combinations compared to value hand combinations when you check-raise on the flop. Solved depths: 40bb, 50bb, 70bb, 100bb, 150bb, 200bb. - Preflop: Master GTO ranges for all situations or customize your own. they_chose_us.